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Protocol Support - (BCA / B.Tech)

Protocol Support in Wireless Network in Hindi | Wireless Networking Protocol Support in Hindi:

Wireless Networking has become an important medium of internet connectivity in the modern era. Through a wireless network, devices connect with each other without any physical connection, for which various protocols are used.
These protocols enable network connectivity and ensure that devices can communicate with each other in a secure and efficient manner.

The protocols used in wireless networking have been developed for various purposes, such as high speed, long distance, low energy consumption, and security. Each of these protocols meets the different needs of networking and is useful in different situations.
Protocols like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and LTE handle various aspects of a wireless network, which can make communication and data transmission more accessible and efficient.

Various types of protocols are used in a wireless network, which cover various aspects of the network, such as data transmission, security, and connectivity.

Here we will study in detail the main protocols used in a wireless network:

1. IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi Protocols)

The IEEE 802.11 standard is the standard that is used for a wireless local area network (WLAN), which is commonly known as Wi-Fi. 802.11 is available in various versions, and each version provides better speed, coverage, and security.

Main 802.11 versions:

802.11a: This works on the 5 GHz band and provides speeds up to 54 Mbps. Its coverage area is small, but it gives high speed with less interference.
802.11b: This works on the 2.4 GHz band and provides speeds up to 11 Mbps. Its coverage is large but the speed is low.
802.11g: This works on the 2.4 GHz band and provides speeds up to 54 Mbps. It is faster than 802.11b and also provides backward compatibility.
802.11n (Wi-Fi 4): This works on both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, and can give speeds up to 600 Mbps. It uses MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output) technology, which increases network speed by using multiple data streams at once.
802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5): This works on the 5 GHz band and provides speeds up to 1.3 Gbps. It uses MU-MIMO (Multi-User MIMO) technology, which provides service to multiple devices at high speed at once.
802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6): This is the latest version, which works on both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands and provides speeds up to 10 Gbps. It uses OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access) and better MU-MIMO, which provides high efficiency and low latency.

Features:

High data transmission speed: The speed has increased in different 802.11 versions.
Wireless security: WPA2 and WPA3 security protocols are used in Wi-Fi.
Cover area: The coverage area of a Wi-Fi network varies based on the version.

2. Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless protocol that enables a personal area network (PAN). It is commonly used for data transfer between small devices, such as headphones, smartphones, and keyboards.

Bluetooth versions:

Bluetooth 1.0/1.1: The initial versions had a speed of about 1 Mbps.
Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR: This added "Enhanced Data Rate", which increased the speed up to 3 Mbps.
Bluetooth 3.0 + HS: This added the capability of high-speed transfer (up to 24 Mbps).
Bluetooth 4.0 (BLE): This added "Bluetooth Low Energy", which provided better support for low-power devices.
Bluetooth 5.0: This provides better range and speed, which gives data transmission of up to 50 Mbps and a range of 200 meters.

Features:

Short Range: The range of Bluetooth is from 10 meters to 100 meters.
Low power consumption: BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) is used for low-power devices.
Piconet: In Bluetooth, a Piconet is used to connect multiple devices at once.

3. ZigBee

ZigBee is a low-power, low-data-rate wireless protocol that is suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) devices and sensors. It is mainly used in smart home devices, industrial equipment, and sensors.

Features:

Low power consumption: ZigBee consumes very little energy, which makes its use in IoT devices beneficial.
Mesh network: Mesh networking is used in ZigBee, which allows devices to transfer data through each other.
Low speed: Its data transfer speed is up to 250 kbps.
Long range: The range of ZigBee is from 10 meters to 100 meters.

4. Z-Wave

Z-Wave is also a low-power wireless protocol that is used for communication between home automation and smart devices. It is suitable for IoT devices like ZigBee.

Features:

Low power consumption: Z-Wave also consumes low energy, which makes it used in battery-powered devices.
Mesh networking: Z-Wave supports mesh networking, in which devices can send data through each other.
Coverage: The coverage of Z-Wave is up to 30 meters.
Data speed: Its data transfer speed is up to 100 kbps.

5. NFC (Near Field Communication)

NFC is a short-range wireless communication protocol that is used for quick data transfer and contactless payment between smartphones and other devices.

Features:

Short Range: The range of NFC is only from 4 to 10 cm.
Quick Data Transfer: NFC provides fast and secure data transfer over short distances.
Low power consumption: NFC uses very little energy, and it is embedded in most smartphones.

6. LTE and 5G

LTE (Long Term Evolution) and 5G are major protocols that provide high-speed internet connectivity for mobile devices in a wireless network. These protocols are mainly used for mobile data networks.

Features:

LTE (4G): This provides speeds from 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps, and it has become the main standard for mobile networks.
5G: A 5G network provides speeds up to 10 Gbps and very low latency. It is suitable for smart cities, autonomous vehicles, and highly connected devices.

Benefits:

High-Speed Internet: LTE and 5G provide fast internet speeds in a wireless network.
Low Latency: Especially in 5G, the latency is extremely low, which makes it used in real-time applications.
Mobility: LTE and 5G protocols enable users to use the internet on the go.

7. WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)

WAP is a protocol that allows mobile devices to use internet browsing and other web services. Although it was used more in older mobile networks, it has now become less common.

Features:

Internet Browsing: WAP was used for web browsing on devices with small screens.
Low Data Transfer: WAP was a technology with low bandwidth and low data transfer.

Protocol Support

Protocol Support in Wireless Network in Hindi | Wireless Networking Protocol Support in Hindi:

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