Is the note for 'Subnetting IPv4 Address' free to read?

Yes, NotesMedia provides free access to 'Subnetting IPv4 Address' notes for BCA / B.Tech preparation online.

Does this cover the syllabus for Computer Network & Communication Notes in English?

Yes, this chapter covers key concepts of 'Subnetting IPv4 Address' under the Computer Network & Communication Notes in English syllabus for BCA / B.Tech.

How long does it take to read 'Subnetting IPv4 Address'?

This note is approximately a 18-minute read.

Subnetting IPv4 Address - (BCA / B.Tech)

Subnetting Addressing of IPv4 in Hindi | Subnetting Addressing of IPv4 in Hindi:

Subnetting in IPv4 addressing is an important technique used to divide large networks into smaller networks (subnets).
Its main purpose is to efficiently use the available IP address space of the network and to make the network manageable. When an organization or network administrator divides a large network into smaller subnets, this process is called subnetting.
With the help of subnetting, better security, performance, and network management can be achieved on the network.

Subnetting is used in various types of networks, such as LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), and others. In this article, we will discuss IPv4 addressing of subnetting, its types, and its uses in detail.
IPv4 subnetting is an important technique that helps in efficiently using the network address space. Both classful and classless subnetting are used based on different requirements.
In classful addressing, the size of the network is predetermined, whereas in classless addressing, the network can be flexibly divided using a subnet mask.
With the help of subnetting, network management, security, and performance can be improved, which makes it an essential technique.

IPv4 Addressing Basics in Hindi | Basic Information of IPv4 Addressing:

IPv4 addressing is a 32-bit addressing system, in which each IP address is divided into four parts. Each part (octet) is 8-bits, which makes the total IP address 32-bits. The value of each octet can be from 0 to 255, and it is expressed in decimal form, such as 192.168.1.1.

An IP address is mainly divided into two parts:

Network Portion: This specifies the part of the IP address that represents the network.
Host Portion: This specifies the part of the IP address that represents a specific device (host) within the network.

What is subnetting?

Subnetting is a process in which the network and host parts of an IP address are redefined, so that the network can be divided into smaller parts. Its purpose is to divide large networks into smaller and more efficient networks. Some of the main objectives of subnetting are as follows:

Saving IP addresses: Dividing large networks into smaller parts allows for efficient use of IP addresses.
Better security: Security can be enhanced by controlling traffic between subnets.
Ease of network management: Managing smaller networks is easier, as they have fewer devices and less traffic.
Improvement in network performance: The amount of traffic in smaller networks is less, which results in better network performance.

Types of IPv4 Subnetting in Hindi | Types of IPv4 Subnetting

IPv4 subnetting is mainly of two types:

Classful Subnetting

Classless Subnetting

1. Classful Subnetting:

In classful subnetting, IP addressing is divided into three main classes: Class A, Class B, and Class C. This division is based on the first few bytes of the IP address. These classes are used for different types of networks.

Class A:

Range: 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
Network Bytes: First octet
Host Bytes: Remaining three octets
Use: For very large networks, such as by Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

Class B:

Range: 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
Network Bytes: First two octets
Host Bytes: Remaining two octets
Use: For medium-sized networks

Class C:

Range: 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
Network Bytes: First three octets
Host Bytes: Last octet
Use: For small networks, such as small offices or home networks
In classful subnetting, the size of the network is predetermined and there is no flexibility. For each network class, there is a fixed number of hosts. Although it is simple, it also leads to wastage of IP addresses, because many times more IP addresses are given for a network than are required.

2. Classless Subnetting:

Classless subnetting, also called CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing), overcomes the limitations of classful addressing. In this, the IP address is flexibly divided using a subnet mask. In CIDR, a subnet mask (like 192.168.1.0/24) is added with the IP address, which indicates how many bits are reserved for the network and how many for the host.

CIDR Notation: In CIDR subnetting, /n is used after the IP address, where n represents the number of network bytes. For example, in 192.168.1.0/24, /24 indicates that the first 24 bits are reserved for the network, and the remaining bits are for the hosts.

Advantages of Classless Subnetting in Hindi | Advantages of Classless Subnetting:

Flexibility: In this, the division of bits between the network and the host is flexible, which allows for efficient use of the IP address.
The problem of network wastage is reduced: This technique distributes the IP address more efficiently compared to classful addressing.
Useful for both small and large networks: Classless subnetting is suitable for both small and large types of networks.

What is a subnet mask?

A subnet mask is a 32-bit number that tells which bits of the IP address are being used for the network and which for the host. The subnet mask is written in decimal form, such as 255.255.255.0.

Meaning of 255: This indicates that all bits at that position are reserved for the network.

Meaning of 0: This indicates that all bits at that position are available for the host.

For example, 255.255.255.0 is a Class C subnet mask, where the first three octets represent the network, and the last octet represents the host.

Example of subnetting:

Suppose you have a 192.168.1.0/24 network and you want to divide it into 4 subnets. For this, we need to increase the number of network bits. /24 means that the first 24 bits are for the network, and the remaining 8 bits are for the host.

Now, if we take 2 additional bits, we will have a /26 subnet mask, which will give us 4 subnets:

First subnet: 192.168.1.0/26 (Host range: 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.62)
Second subnet: 192.168.1.64/26 (Host range: 192.168.1.65 - 192.168.1.126)
Third subnet: 192.168.1.128/26 (Host range: 192.168.1.129 - 192.168.1.190)
Fourth subnet: 192.168.1.192/26 (Host range: 192.168.1.193 - 192.168.1.254)

Subnetting IPv4 Address

Subnetting Addressing of IPv4 in Hindi | Subnetting Addressing of IPv4 in Hindi:

In this Chapter