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IPv4 Address Scheme - (BCA / B.Tech)

IPv4 Address Scheme in Hindi | IPv4 Addressing Scheme in Hindi:

The IPv4 addressing scheme is a fundamental technology of networking, which is used for communication on the Internet and various networks. The IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4) addressing system is a 32-bit unique address,
which is given to any device (computer, router, mobile) to identify it on the network and establish communication. This addressing system is used worldwide and is based on the fourth version of the Internet Protocol.
In IPv4, each IP address is 32-bits, which gives it the ability to create a total of 2^32 (about 4.3 billion) different addresses.
However, due to the expansion of the Internet and the rapidly increasing number of network devices, this number is decreasing, so the use of IPv6 is also increasing, but IPv4 is still quite prevalent.
The IPv4 addressing scheme is a fundamental technology of networking that makes communication between networks and devices possible. Through classful addressing, IP addresses are divided according to the needs of different types of networks.
Although the use of IPv6 is increasing, IPv4 still plays a major role in networking and the Internet. It is not possible to imagine modern networking without IPv4.
In this answer, we will discuss in depth the IPv4 addressing scheme, its classes, the network and host parts, and its features.

Structure of IPv4 Address in Hindi | Structure of IPv4 Address:

An IPv4 address is 32-bits long, which is divided into 4 parts (octets). Each part is 8-bits, which results in a total of a 32-bit IP address.

Example: 192.168.10.1

In this example, 192.168.10.1 is divided into four parts, where each part (octet) is expressed as a decimal number (between 0 and 255). The computer converts these numbers into binary (0 and 1), so that they can be used to send and receive data packets.

Two main parts of an IPv4 address:

An IPv4 address is divided into two main parts:

Network Portion: This is the part of the IP address that represents the network. It is used to identify the network and it determines which network a device is in.

Host Portion: This is the part of the IP address that represents a specific device (host) within the network. The host part of each device on the network is unique, so that each device has a different identity.

Classes of IPv4 Addressing in Hindi | Categories of IPv4 Addressing:

IPv4 addressing is divided into different classes. This is called classful addressing. In classful addressing, the IP address is divided into five different classes: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E. Of these, Class A, B, and C are the most commonly used, while Class D is reserved for multicasting and Class E for experimental purposes.

1. Class A:

Range: 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
Network part: First 8-bits (1 octet)
Host part: Last 24-bits (3 octets)
Use: For very large networks, such as used by Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
Number of hosts: 16,777,214 hosts per network (2^24 - 2)
Binary range of the first octet: 0xxxxxxx
Class A networks are for large organizations or service providers, which can have millions of hosts.

2. Class B:

Range: 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
Network part: First 16-bits (2 octets)
Host part: Last 16-bits (2 octets)
Use: For medium-sized networks, such as large corporate networks.
Number of hosts: 65,534 hosts per network (2^16 - 2)
Binary range of the first octet: 10xxxxxx
Class B networks are generally used by large organizations that require thousands of hosts.

3. Class C:

Range: 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
Network part: First 24-bits (3 octets)
Host part: Last 8-bits (1 octet)
Use: For small networks, such as small businesses or home networks.
Number of hosts: 254 hosts per network (2^8 - 2)
Binary range of the first octet: 110xxxxx
Class C networks are for small networks that have fewer hosts, such as small offices or homes.

4. Class D (Multicast Address):

Range: 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
Use: For multicasting, where a packet is sent to multiple devices.
Binary range of the first octet: 1110xxxx

5. Class E (Reserved Address):

Range: 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
Use: Reserved for experimental purposes.
Binary range of the first octet: 1111xxxx

Example of IPv4 Addressing:

Suppose you have the address 192.168.1.1, which is a Class C address. The first 24 bits of this address represent the network, while the last 8 bits represent the host.

Network part: 192.168.1

Host part: 1

This means that this address is part of the 192.168.1.0 network, and 1 identifies the host on that network. Thus, 192.168.1.1 is the unique address of a specific device on that network.

Subnet Mask: A subnet mask is a 32-bit number that is used to determine which parts of the IP address are reserved for the network and which for the host. The subnet mask works with the IP address and helps to divide the network into smaller subnets.

Class A subnet mask: 255.0.0.0
Class B subnet mask: 255.255.0.0
Class C subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

Special Addresses in IPv4: In IPv4 addressing, there are some special addresses that are used for specific purposes:

Private IP Addresses: These are used in private networks (like LANs). These addresses cannot be used directly on the Internet.

Class A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Localhost Address: This is used for communication with a device itself. Its address is 127.0.0.1, which allows your computer to communicate with itself.

Broadcast Address: This is used to send a message to all devices on the network simultaneously. For example, the address 192.168.1.255 could be a broadcast address in a Class C network.

Public IP Address: Public IP addresses are used on the Internet and are provided by Internet Service Providers (ISPs). These addresses are unique on the Internet and allow network devices to connect to the Internet.

IPv4 Address Scheme

IPv4 Address Scheme in Hindi | IPv4 Addressing Scheme in Hindi:

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