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IPv6 Addressing Scheme - (BCA / B.Tech)

IPv6 Addressing Scheme in Hindi | IPv6 Addressing Scheme in Hindi:

IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6) is an advanced internet protocol that was developed to overcome the limitations of IPv4 and to meet the growing need for addresses on the internet. The main purpose of IPv6 is to increase the available IP address space on the internet,

so that more and more devices can be connected to the internet. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address space, which gives it the ability to provide many more addresses than IPv4.

In this article, we will discuss in detail the IPv6 addressing scheme, its structure, types, and its use.

Why was IPv6 needed?

IPv4 has only a 32-bit address space, which provides about 4.3 billion (4,294,967,296) addresses. However, in today's time, the number of devices connected to the internet is increasing rapidly, such as mobile phones, laptops, tablets, smart devices, and IoT (Internet of Things) devices.

Due to this increasing number, there is a shortage of IPv4 addresses. To solve this problem, IPv6 was developed, which has a 128-bit address space. IPv6 has so many addresses that it will eliminate the problem of address shortage on the internet for many years.

Structure of the IPv6 addressing scheme:

An IPv6 address is 128-bits and is divided into eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks. Each block is separated by a colon (:). An IPv6 address is generally written as 16-bytes (128-bits). It can be written in abbreviated form as follows:

2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

In this:

Each block is 16-bits, which is written in hexadecimal form.
If one or more blocks contain zeros, they can be written in abbreviated form. For example:
2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334 (here the middle zero blocks have been omitted)
Because the length of an IPv6 address is 128-bits, it provides a much larger address space compared to IPv4. This means that IPv6 can have about 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 (340 undecillion) addresses.

Types of IPv6 in Hindi | Types of IPv6 addresses:

In IPv6, there are different types of addresses that are used for different purposes. Mainly there are three types of IPv6 addresses:

Unicast Address:

A unicast address is used to specify a single device (host). When a packet is sent to a unicast address, it goes directly to that specific device.

This works similarly to a unicast address in IPv4.

There are some sub-categories under unicast address:

Global Unicast Address: This is a public address that is used for communication on the internet.
Link-Local Address: This address is valid only on a single network segment (like a LAN) and is not used for routing.
Unique Local Address (ULA): This is used for private IPv6 addressing, and it is not used on the internet.

Multicast Address:

A multicast address is used to send data to multiple devices at the same time. When a packet is sent to a multicast address on a network, it reaches all devices connected to that address.
Broadcasting was used in IPv4, but in IPv6, broadcasting has been removed and multicasting is used.

Anycast Address:

An anycast address is used to send data to multiple devices in a group through a single address, but this packet goes only to the device that is closest on the network.
This is generally used for load balancing and failover services.

Formats of IPv6 Address (Addressing Scheme) in Hindi | IPv6 Address Formats (Addressing Scheme):

IPv6 addresses are divided into different formats based on their functionality and utility. Its main formats are as follows:

1. Global Unicast Address:

Global unicast addresses are public IP addresses in IPv6 addressing, which are used on the internet.
This address is similar to a public IP address in IPv4.
Global unicast addresses are assigned by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority).
Example: 2001:0db8::/32

2. Link-Local Address:

A link-local address is used only within a local network, and it cannot be routed on the internet.
This address is assigned when a device connects to an IPv6 network and establishes communication on the network.
Link-local addresses start with FE80::/10.
Example: FE80::1

3. Unique Local Address (ULA):

This address is used for private communication within an IPv6 network, and it is not used on the internet.
This is similar to a private address in IPv4 (like 192.168.x.x).
ULA addresses start with FC00::/7.
Example: FD00::1

4. Multicast Address:

Multicast addresses are used to send data to multiple devices at the same time on an IPv6 network.
Multicast addresses start with FF00::/8.
Example: FF02::1

5. Anycast Address:

Anycast addresses are used to send data to multiple devices in a group on an IPv6 network, but the data goes only to the nearest device.
There is no special format for an anycast address. It is like a unicast address, but it is configured on multiple devices in the network.

How is an IPv6 address abbreviated?

An IPv6 address is often considered long and difficult, so it can be written in an abbreviated form. Some rules for abbreviating an IPv6 address are as follows:
Removing leading zeros: Zeros at the beginning of any block can be removed.

Example: 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329 can be written as 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329.

Use of double colon (::): A double colon (::) can be used to represent one or more zero blocks. However, it can be used only once in an address.

Example: 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329 can be written as 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329.

Advantages of IPv6 in Hindi | Advantages of IPv6:

The main advantages of IPv6 are as follows:

Vast Address Space: IPv6 has a 128-bit address space, which allows it to provide many times more IP addresses than IPv4.
Auto-configuration: IPv6 has an auto-configuration feature through a link-local address, which allows devices to connect to the network without manual configuration.
Multicast and Anycast: In IPv6, broadcasting has been removed and multicast and anycast are used, which increases network efficiency.
Built-in Security: IPv6 has default support for IPsec (Internet Protocol Security), which makes network communication secure.
Simple Header Structure: In IPv6, the header structure has been simplified, which makes packet processing fast and effective.

IPv6 Addressing Scheme

IPv6 Addressing Scheme in Hindi | IPv6 Addressing Scheme in Hindi:

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