Variables in C++

A variable is one of the fundamental concepts of computer programming. It is a named storage location that stores data in a program and whose value can change during the program's execution.

A variable is an identifier used to store data in a computer program. It can be thought of as a container in which any value can be placed. For example, you can store a numerical value, a character, a string, or other types of data in a variable.

Named location, changeable value, data type, scope (local or global), and lifetime.

Local Variables: Defined inside a specific function or block.

Global Variables: Can be used from any part of the program.

Static Variables: Retain their lifetime even if defined inside a block.

Constant Variables: Their value cannot be changed after initialization.

A variable must be declared before use. Declaration is when a variable is defined without a value. Initialization is when a value is assigned to the variable at the time of declaration.

Advantages: Memory management, flexibility in programming, code readability, and data reusability.

Disadvantages: Overuse can lead to memory wastage, debugging can be problematic, and lack of clarity if not named wisely.