Constructor Overloading in C++

Constructor overloading is a concept used in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). A constructor is a special type of function used to initialize objects of a class. Constructor overloading occurs when more than one constructor is defined in the same class, but their number or types of parameters differ. This overloading provides flexibility for initializing objects in various situations.

Through constructor overloading, you can create multiple variants of a constructor with the same name that can be called with different parameters. This gives several options for initializing a class's objects and makes the code simpler and more useful.

Constructor overloading is needed when objects of a class must be initialized in different ways. Sometimes we need to initialize objects with specific values, and at other times, we might need to do so with default values. For instance, to initialize a student's information, you might use the student's name, roll number, and marks, while in another case, you might use only the name. Constructor overloading is helpful in all these situations.

The provided example shows a `Student` class with three overloaded constructors: a default constructor, one that takes only a name, and one that takes a name, roll number, and marks. This allows `Student` objects to be created and initialized in multiple ways, demonstrating the flexibility of constructor overloading.