Binding in C++

Binding is an important concept in programming that establishes a relationship between different elements (like variables, functions, etc.) at different points in time. Binding means connecting a name (like a variable or function) to a specific piece of data or a function.

Static Binding (Compile-time Binding): This binding is done by the compiler at the time of program creation. It happens when the relationship between a name and data is established when the code is built. Function overloading is an example.

Dynamic Binding (Run-time Binding): This binding is done during the program's runtime. It offers more flexibility. The primary use of dynamic binding is with virtual functions in OOP.

Early Binding: A form of static binding where the compiler decides which function or variable will be used before the program runs.

Late Binding: A form of dynamic binding where the decision is made at runtime, used with virtual functions for maximum flexibility.

Binding clarifies relationships in the code, provides flexibility (with dynamic binding), and enables code reusability through OOP principles.