Polymorphism in C++

In the world of programming, polymorphism is an important concept, especially in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). Its literal meaning is "to be in many forms." Using polymorphism, we can use functions or objects of the same name in various ways. That is, the same task can be done in many different ways, which gives different results based on its context.

Also known as static polymorphism. This means that which form of a function or operator will be used is decided at the time of compilation. This is achieved using Function Overloading and Operator Overloading.

Also known as dynamic polymorphism. This polymorphism occurs at the time of program execution. It is achieved using Virtual Functions. This is useful when functions issued by a base class are defined differently by a derived class.

Flexibility, code reusability, dynamic binding, and simplifying code.

Increased complexity, difficulty in debugging, more memory usage (due to virtual function tables), and a slight performance overhead.