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Data Abstraction in C++ - (BCA / B.Tech)

Data Abstraction in C++:

Data abstraction is a key principle of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). Its main purpose is to hide data and display only essential information. Through data abstraction, we reduce the complexity in our programs and focus only on necessary details. This principle allows users to interact with objects without getting into the details.

Need for Data Abstraction:

Reducing Complexity: By using data abstraction, we can reduce the complexity of the program. This allows the user to see only the necessary information, which helps them make better decisions.
Security: Data abstraction helps in hiding data, which can protect important data from unauthorized use.
Code Reusability: Through abstraction, we can define common tasks in a class once and then reuse them in different projects.
Simplifying the Programming Process: Data abstraction can simplify the programming process. The user can focus only on necessary tasks, while the complexity remains hidden.

Methods of Data Abstraction in C++:

There are several ways to achieve data abstraction in C++:

Class: A class is an abstract data type that contains both data and functions. By using classes, we can hide data and make only necessary functions public.
Access Specifiers: C++ has three types of access specifiers: `public`, `private`, and `protected`.
Interface: In C++, we can use interfaces to define the outline of necessary tasks.

Example of Data Abstraction in C++:

The provided example of a `BankAccount` class demonstrates data abstraction. The `accountNumber` and `balance` are private, so they cannot be accessed directly. Public functions like `deposit`, `withdraw`, and `displayBalance` provide a controlled interface to interact with the private data.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Data Abstraction:

Advantages: Security, simplicity, ease of maintenance, and reusability.

Disadvantages: Performance impact, increased complexity if overused, and a potential learning curve for new programmers.

Data Abstraction in C++

Data Abstraction in C++:

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