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Operations & Applications of Memory Allocation - (BCA / B.Tech)

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Applications of Memory Allocation in Data Structures:

Introduction to Memory Allocation:

Memory allocation is a process where space in the computer's main memory (RAM) is assigned to data and programs as needed. When a program is run, it needs some memory for processing, and memory allocation provides this necessary space. It is mainly divided into two types: static memory allocation and dynamic memory allocation.

Applications of Memory Allocation:

Process Memory Management: When a program or process is executed, it needs main memory to work with the CPU. Dynamic memory allocation is used to provide memory to the process as needed.
Data Structure Allocation: In programming, we often need to store complex data structures like linked lists, trees, and graphs in memory. Dynamic memory allocation is used for this, allowing memory to be allocated for these structures at runtime.
Paging and Swapping: In virtual memory management, techniques like paging and swapping are used. Dynamic memory allocation is used to move parts of a program between memory and disk.
Heap Management: A major application of dynamic memory allocation is in managing the heap, which is the part of memory where a program can allocate and free memory at runtime. This is done through function calls like `malloc()` and `free()` in C/C++.
Stack Memory Allocation: Stacks are used for function calls in programming, where memory is automatically allocated and freed.
Cache Memory Management: Dynamic memory allocation is used to quickly load frequently used data into the cache, a fast memory near the CPU.

Operations of Memory Allocation in Data Structures:

Memory Allocation Operations:

Memory Allocation: The process where space in RAM is given to a program or data. This happens either at startup (static allocation) or during runtime (dynamic allocation).

Memory Deallocation: When a program is done using the allocated memory, it is returned to the system to be used by other processes. The `free()` function is used for this in dynamic allocation.

Reallocation: The process where a previously allocated memory block is increased or decreased in size, often using the `realloc()` function.

Memory Compaction: The process of combining small, fragmented memory blocks into a larger block to reduce fragmentation and make memory usage more efficient.

Garbage Collection: An automatic process that reclaims memory that is no longer in use, important for preventing memory leaks in languages like Java and Python.

Fragmentation in Memory Allocation: This includes Internal Fragmentation (unused space within an allocated block) and External Fragmentation (small, unallocated blocks scattered in memory).

Operations & Applications of Memory Allocation

Applications of Memory Allocation in Data Structures:

Operations of Memory Allocation in Data Structures:

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