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Arrays in Data Structures - (BCA / B.Tech)

Array in Data Structures:

An array is a fundamental data structure used to store data elements of the same type. It is an ordered collection where all elements are of a uniform type (homogeneous), and they can be accessed via an index. Elements in an array are stored in contiguous memory locations, which makes accessing any element very fast and efficient.

Definition of an Array:

An array is a data structure that is a collection of elements of the same type, accessed using a sequential index. The first element in an array is at index 0, the second at 1, and so on.

Key Features of an Array:

Homogeneous Elements: All elements in an array are of the same type.
Contiguous Memory Locations: All elements are stored sequentially in memory.
Fixed Size: The size of an array is static and defined at the time of its creation.
Fast Access: Any element can be quickly accessed using its index, providing O(1) time complexity for access.

Types of Arrays:

One-Dimensional Array: The most common type, where all elements are stored in a single row.
Two-Dimensional Array: Also known as a matrix, where elements are stored in rows and columns.
Multi-Dimensional Array: Stores elements in multiple dimensions.

Main Operations in an Array:

Insertion: Adding a new element. This is difficult if the array is full.
Deletion: Removing an element, which requires shifting other elements (O(n) complexity).
Access: Accessing any element via its index is very fast (O(1) complexity).
Search: Finding an element requires a sequential search (O(n) complexity) unless the array is sorted.
Traversal: Visiting all elements one by one (O(n) complexity).

Advantages of an Array:

Fast access, easy implementation, static size for predictable memory usage, and simple storage for linear or multi-dimensional data.

Disadvantages of an Array:

Fixed size, slow insertion and deletion in the middle, potential for memory wastage, and inefficient search in unsorted arrays.

Arrays in Data Structures

Array in Data Structures:

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