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Graphs in Data Structures - (BCA / B.Tech)

Graph in Data Structures:

A graph is a non-linear data structure used to show relationships between various objects. It is useful in mathematics and computer science because it represents objects and the links between them. Graphs are used in social networks, web pages, transportation systems, and various other network relationships. A graph is made of two main components: Vertex (also called a node) and Edge (a link that connects two nodes).

Types of Graphs:

Undirected Graph: Edges have no specific direction.
Directed Graph: Edges have a direction.
Weighted Graph: Edges have a weight or cost associated with them.
Acyclic Graph: Contains no cycles.
Cyclic Graph: Contains cycles.
Spanning Tree: A subgraph that covers all vertices with no cycles.
Complete Graph: Every vertex is connected to every other vertex.
Connected Graph: Every vertex is connected to at least one other vertex.

Importance and Characteristics of Graphs:

Graphs are important for modeling real-world problems. Their main characteristics include vertices, edges, directionality, weights, paths, and cycles.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Graphs:

Advantages: Useful for modeling real-world networks, used in routing algorithms, and flexible as a data structure.

Disadvantages: Can be complex to analyze, may require significant storage, and operations can have high computational costs.

Applications of Graphs:

Social networks, web page ranking, road maps, computer networks, project management, and e-commerce recommendation systems.

Graphs in Data Structures

Graph in Data Structures:

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