Object Orientation in .NET

Abstraction: 

Encapsulation: This is the principle of bundling data and its related functions together.

Example:

class Car

{

    private string engine; // This is private

    public void StartEngine()

    {

        Console.WriteLine("Engine Started");

    }

}

Here, the engine is private and cannot be accessed directly.

Inheritance: This gives a class the ability to inherit properties and methods from another class.

Example:

class Vehicle

{

    public void Move()

    {

        Console.WriteLine("Vehicle is moving");

    }

}

class Car : Vehicle

{

    public void StartEngine()

    {

        Console.WriteLine("Car engine started");

    }

}

Polymorphism: This means "many forms". It allows a method to work in different ways.

Example:

class Shape

{

    public virtual void Draw()

    {

        Console.WriteLine("Drawing Shape");

    }

}

class Circle : Shape

{

    public override void Draw()

    {

        Console.WriteLine("Drawing Circle");

    }

}

Example:

class Person

{

    public string Name;

    public void Speak()

    {

        Console.WriteLine("Hello, I am " + Name);

    }

}

Object: An instance of a class, which is stored in memory.

Example:

Person person = new Person();

person.Name = "Amit";

person.Speak();

Constructor: This is a special method of a class that initializes an object.

Example:

class Car

{

    public string Brand;

    public Car(string brand)

    {

        Brand = brand;

    }

}

Properties: Through properties, we can access private fields in a secure way.

Example:

class Employee

{

    private string name;

    public string Name

    {

        get { return name; }

        set { name = value; }

    }

}

Interface: This is like a contract, which contains only the signatures of methods.

Example:

interface IVehicle

{

    void Drive();

}

class Bike : IVehicle

{

    public void Drive()

    {

        Console.WriteLine("Bike is driving");

    }

}

Delegates and Events: These refer to a method like a pointer at runtime.