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Managed Execution in .NET - (BCA / B.Tech)

Managed Execution in .NET in Hindi | .NET में Managed Execution हिंदी में :

In .NET Framework and .NET Core, Managed Execution is a process in which code is run in a controlled environment (Managed Environment). This is one of the main principles of .NET and it is managed by the Common Language Runtime (CLR) of .NET.

What is Managed Execution?

Managed Execution means that your code runs inside the CLR, which provides features like security, memory management, and access control for the code.
In simple terms, Managed Execution runs your code in such a way that:

Memory leaks are prevented.
The code remains secure.
Errors that occur when the code is running can be handled.
Managed Code and Unmanaged Code

.NET supports two types of code:

1. Managed Code:

This is the code that runs inside the CLR.
The CLR handles the memory, error handling, and security of the code.
Example: Code written in C#, VB.NET.

using System;

class Program

{

static void Main()

{

Console.WriteLine("This is Managed Code!");

}

2. Unmanaged Code:

This is the code that runs outside the CLR.
There is no .NET intervention to run it.
Example: Code written in C or C++.

Process of Managed Execution: There is a set process behind Managed Execution, which helps in running the code in a secure and optimized way. This process takes place in the following steps:

1. Creation of IL (Intermediate Language) from Source Code: When you write code in a .NET language like C# and compile it, it is converted into Intermediate Language (IL).

IL is an intermediate code of .NET, which the CLR understands.
IL is platform-independent.

2. Creation of an Assembly: The IL is stored in a file called an Assembly.

The assembly contains metadata along with the IL.
It is in the form of a .exe or .dll file.

3. JIT Compilation (Just-In-Time Compilation) by the CLR: When you run your program, the CLR converts the IL into machine code (Native Code).

This process is called Just-In-Time (JIT) Compilation.
The JIT compiles only that code into machine code which actually needs to be run.

4. Code Verification: The JIT compiler checks the code to see if it is secure and valid.

It checks that the code is accessing only valid memory areas.
This increases security and stability.

5. Execution: Now, after converting the code into machine code, the CLR runs it.

Features of Managed Execution:

Memory Management: The CLR handles memory automatically.
When an object is no longer in use, the CLR reclaims its memory.
This is done through Garbage Collection.
Security: The CLR makes the code secure.
It ensures that the code uses only those resources which it is allowed to.
Cross-language Interoperability: .NET allows code written in different languages to run together.

Exception Handling:

The CLR has the ability to handle any type of error at runtime.
If any problem occurs, the program handles it correctly without crashing.
Multiplatform Support: .NET now supports Windows, Linux, and macOS, so that Managed Execution can run on any platform.

Advantages of Managed Execution:

Secure Code: Protects the code from harmful operations.
Automatic Memory Management: Developers do not need to handle memory manually.
Improvement in Productivity: Reduces bugs and makes development easy.
Cross-language Support: You can use multiple languages in the same project.
Portable: IL is platform-independent.

Example of Managed Execution:

using System;

class Program

{

static void Main()

{

Console.WriteLine("This is .NET's Managed Execution Environment.");

// Automatic memory management

int[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

foreach (int num in numbers)

{

Console.WriteLine(num);

}

Importance of Managed Execution: Managed Execution is a feature of .NET that creates an environment for developers to run code easily, securely, and effectively. It helps developers to create secure and fast applications with less effort.

In the .NET Framework, Manifests, Metadata, and Attributes are all used to improve and manage an application. All three are very important and it is important to know how they work. Below is a simple explanation in Hindi:

1. Manifests: A manifest is a part of a .NET assembly. We can think of it as the identity card of the assembly. It contains all the important information related to that assembly, such as:

Name of the assembly
Version Number
Culture
List of files present in the assembly
References of the assembly

Usage:

With the help of a manifest, the .NET runtime knows how to load and run which assembly.
It helps in managing multiple versions of an assembly.

Example:

</dependentAssembly>

</dependency>

</assembly>

2. Metadata: Metadata means "data about data". When you write code in C# or .NET and compile it, it generates metadata. Metadata contains information about all the types of the program (class, interface, methods, etc.).

Features of metadata:

Which classes and interfaces are there?
Which methods and their parameters are there?
Which namespace has been used?

Usage:

Metadata can be accessed at runtime using the Reflection API.
This helps in making the code dynamic.

Example:

using System;

using System.Reflection;

class Program

{

static void Main()

{

Type type = typeof(Console);

MethodInfo[] methods = type.GetMethods();

foreach (var method in methods)

{

Console.WriteLine($"Method: {method.Name}");

}

3. Attributes: Attributes are used to add metadata to the code. These are like small tags that give additional information about a class, method, property, or field.

Features:

Attributes make the code more readable and flexible.

There are many pre-defined attributes in .NET such as [Obsolete], [Serializable], etc.

Usage:

This metadata can be read at runtime with the help of Reflection.

Custom attributes can also be created.

Example:

using System;

[Obsolete("This method is outdated. Use NewMethod instead.")]

class Program

{

static void OldMethod()

{

Console.WriteLine("Old method");

}

static void Main()

{

OldMethod();

}

Difference and relationship:

Manifests give information about an assembly.
Metadata tells about the structure of the entire assembly.
Attributes provide additional information and instructions to the code.

In simple language:

Manifests: This is the "Aadhaar card" of an assembly.
Metadata: This is "information about data".
Attributes: These "tag the code" so that you can do special work at runtime.

Hope this answer helps you. 😊

Managed Execution in .NET

Managed Execution in .NET in Hindi | .NET में Managed Execution हिंदी में :

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