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GSM - Mobile Computing Notes in English Notes

GSM in Mobile Computing in Hindi | GSM in Mobile Computing in Hindi:

The full name of GSM is Global System for Mobile Communication.
It is a digital mobile network that is the most widely used standard for wireless mobile telephony.
GSM was developed in Europe in the 1980s and is today the most popular and widely used network in the whole world.

GSM is the foundation of mobile communication and its development was a big step in the field of wireless communication.
Its utility and popularity still make it the most prominent technology today.
GSM technology brought mobile phones to the common people and helped to connect the world in a better way.

What is GSM?

GSM is a technology that enables voice calls, messages, and data transfer between a mobile device and a network.
This network is based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), which allows multiple users to use the same frequency band at the same time.

Main Component of GSM in Hindi | Main components of GSM:

Mobile Station: This includes the mobile device (like a smartphone) and the SIM card. It establishes a connection between the user's equipment and the network.

Base Station Subsystem (BSS):

BTS (Base Transceiver Station): This is the antenna and radio equipment that communicates with mobile devices.
BSC (Base Station Controller): This controls multiple BTSs and manages the resources required for a call.

Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS):

This is responsible for call switching, routing, and data management.

Its main components are:

MSC (Mobile Switching Center): This is the main part of the network that switches calls.
HLR (Home Location Register): Stores the user's permanent information and location.
VLR (Visitor Location Register): Stores temporary information when the user is roaming.
Operations Support System (OSS): This helps in monitoring and managing the network.

Main Features of GSM in Hindi | Main features of GSM:

Voice call: Facility for audio communication between users.
SMS (Short Message Service): Facility to send and receive text messages.
Data transfer: Support for internet and multimedia transfer.
Roaming: Maintaining connectivity even when moving from one network to another.
Security: GSM uses encryption to make conversations secure.

Advantages of GSM in Hindi | Advantages of GSM:

Global connectivity: GSM is available in almost all countries of the world.
Better call quality: Provides better voice quality using a digital signal.
Interoperability: It can work with different devices and networks.
Cheap technology: Its equipment and services are affordable compared to other networks.

Disadvantages of GSM in Hindi | Disadvantages of GSM:

Low data speed: The initial technologies of GSM provided slow data speed, although there has been an improvement in this with the advent of technologies like 3G and 4G.
Security challenges: Initially, the encryption technology was not strong, due to which there was a risk of data hacking.

Architecture of GSM in Hindi | Architecture of GSM:

1. Mobile Station (MS): The mobile station is the equipment that the user uses. It is made up of two parts:

Mobile Equipment (ME): This is the mobile phone or handset.
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card: This is a chip that contains the user's information, such as phone number, network details, and security keys.
The main job of the mobile station is to establish communication between the user and the network.

2. Base Station Subsystem (BSS): This subsystem manages radio communication between the mobile station and the network. It is made up of two parts:

Base Transceiver Station (BTS): This is the tower that exchanges radio signals with the mobile device.
Base Station Controller (BSC): This controls the BTS and manages call handling, signal transfer, and other network functions.

3. Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS): This is the most important part of the GSM architecture, which handles call connections, data transfer, and user information. Its main components are:

Mobile Switching Center (MSC): This does the job of switching calls and routing data between different parts of the network.
Home Location Register (HLR): This stores the user's permanent information (such as name, address, services).
Visitor Location Register (VLR): This stores the user's temporary information (such as current location).
Authentication Center (AUC): This confirms the identity of users in the network.
Equipment Identity Register (EIR): This ensures whether the mobile device is valid or not.

4. Operations Support Subsystem (OSS): This subsystem monitors and manages the entire network. It helps in fixing any kind of fault in the network, tracking performance, and updating as needed.

Functioning of the GSM architecture:

Call setup: When a user makes a call, their request goes from the BTS to the MSC. The MSC routes this call.
Handover: When the user moves from the area of one BTS to another, the call is transferred without any interruption.
Security: Security keys are exchanged between the SIM card and the AUC, so that unauthorized use can be prevented.

GSM

Quick Summary & Key Takeaways

GSM in Mobile Computing in Hindi | GSM in Mobile Computing in Hindi:

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