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GSM

GSM in Mobile Computing in Hindi | GSM in Mobile Computing in Hindi:


  • The full name of GSM is Global System for Mobile Communication. 
  • It is a digital mobile network that is the most widely used standard for wireless mobile telephony.
  • GSM was developed in Europe in the 1980s and is today the most popular and widely used network in the whole world.
  • GSM is the foundation of mobile communication and its development was a big step in the field of wireless communication. 
  • Its utility and popularity still make it the most prominent technology today.
  • GSM technology brought mobile phones to the common people and helped to connect the world in a better way.
What is GSM?

  • GSM is a technology that enables voice calls, messages, and data transfer between a mobile device and a network. 
  • This network is based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), which allows multiple users to use the same frequency band at the same time.
Main Component of GSM in Hindi | Main components of GSM:

Mobile Station: This includes the mobile device (like a smartphone) and the SIM card. It establishes a connection between the user's equipment and the network.

Base Station Subsystem (BSS):

  • BTS (Base Transceiver Station): This is the antenna and radio equipment that communicates with mobile devices.
  • BSC (Base Station Controller): This controls multiple BTSs and manages the resources required for a call.
Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS):

This is responsible for call switching, routing, and data management.

Its main components are:

  • MSC (Mobile Switching Center): This is the main part of the network that switches calls.
  • HLR (Home Location Register): Stores the user's permanent information and location.
  • VLR (Visitor Location Register): Stores temporary information when the user is roaming.
  • Operations Support System (OSS): This helps in monitoring and managing the network.
Main Features of GSM in Hindi | Main features of GSM:

  • Voice call: Facility for audio communication between users.
  • SMS (Short Message Service): Facility to send and receive text messages.
  • Data transfer: Support for internet and multimedia transfer.
  • Roaming: Maintaining connectivity even when moving from one network to another.
  • Security: GSM uses encryption to make conversations secure.
Advantages of GSM in Hindi | Advantages of GSM:

  • Global connectivity: GSM is available in almost all countries of the world.
  • Better call quality: Provides better voice quality using a digital signal.
  • Interoperability: It can work with different devices and networks.
  • Cheap technology: Its equipment and services are affordable compared to other networks.
Disadvantages of GSM in Hindi | Disadvantages of GSM:

  • Low data speed: The initial technologies of GSM provided slow data speed, although there has been an improvement in this with the advent of technologies like 3G and 4G.
  • Security challenges: Initially, the encryption technology was not strong, due to which there was a risk of data hacking.
Architecture of GSM in Hindi | Architecture of GSM:

GSM in Hindi

1. Mobile Station (MS): The mobile station is the equipment that the user uses. It is made up of two parts:

  • Mobile Equipment (ME): This is the mobile phone or handset.
  • Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card: This is a chip that contains the user's information, such as phone number, network details, and security keys.
  • The main job of the mobile station is to establish communication between the user and the network.
2. Base Station Subsystem (BSS): This subsystem manages radio communication between the mobile station and the network. It is made up of two parts:

  • Base Transceiver Station (BTS): This is the tower that exchanges radio signals with the mobile device.
  • Base Station Controller (BSC): This controls the BTS and manages call handling, signal transfer, and other network functions.
3. Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS): This is the most important part of the GSM architecture, which handles call connections, data transfer, and user information. Its main components are:

  • Mobile Switching Center (MSC): This does the job of switching calls and routing data between different parts of the network.
  • Home Location Register (HLR): This stores the user's permanent information (such as name, address, services).
  • Visitor Location Register (VLR): This stores the user's temporary information (such as current location).
  • Authentication Center (AUC): This confirms the identity of users in the network.
  • Equipment Identity Register (EIR): This ensures whether the mobile device is valid or not.

4. Operations Support Subsystem (OSS): This subsystem monitors and manages the entire network. It helps in fixing any kind of fault in the network, tracking performance, and updating as needed.

Functioning of the GSM architecture:

  • Call setup: When a user makes a call, their request goes from the BTS to the MSC. The MSC routes this call.
  • Handover: When the user moves from the area of one BTS to another, the call is transferred without any interruption.
  • Security: Security keys are exchanged between the SIM card and the AUC, so that unauthorized use can be prevented.

In this Chapter

GSM
What is a Wireless Network?
Mobile Network Architecture
Wi-Fi & NFC in Mobile Computing
Signal Transmission & Handoff
Frequency Spectrum Management
Android & IOS
Mobile Networking
Mobile Application Development
Location-Based Services
Application of Mobile Computing