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Database languages are used to read, store, and update data in a database. There are four main types:

Data Definition Language (DDL): Used to define the database structure or schema.
- Commands: `CREATE`, `ALTER`, `DROP`, `TRUNCATE`.
- Purpose: To create and modify the structure of database objects like tables.
Data Manipulation Language (DML): Used for managing data within schema objects.
- Commands: `SELECT`, `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`.
- Purpose: To retrieve, add, modify, and delete data from tables.
Data Control Language (DCL): Used to control access to data in the database.
- Commands: `GRANT`, `REVOKE`.
- Purpose: To give or take away permissions for users.
Transaction Control Language (TCL): Used to manage transactions in the database.
- Commands: `COMMIT`, `ROLLBACK`, `SAVEPOINT`.
- Purpose: To manage changes made by DML commands.