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Object-Oriented Design - (BCA / B.Tech)

Object-Oriented Design (OOD) in Java:

Object-Oriented Design (OOD) is a software design methodology where a system is modeled as a collection of interacting objects. Each object represents a real-world entity and has its own state (data) and behavior (methods). OOD uses the principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) to create a system that is modular, flexible, and easy to maintain.

Core Principles of OOD (and OOP):

Encapsulation: This is the practice of bundling the data (attributes) and the methods that operate on the data into a single unit, or "object." It restricts direct access to some of an object's components, which is a key principle for protecting data integrity.
Abstraction: This involves hiding complex implementation details from the user and showing only the essential features. It simplifies the system by focusing on what an object does instead of how it does it.
Inheritance: This mechanism allows a new class (subclass) to inherit the attributes and methods of an existing class (superclass). It promotes code reusability and creates a hierarchical classification.
Polymorphism: This principle allows an object to take on many forms. In practice, it means that a single action can be performed in different ways, typically through method overloading (compile-time polymorphism) and method overriding (run-time polymorphism).

Object-Oriented Design

Object-Oriented Design (OOD) in Java:

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