RAS (RPSC) 9 min read

Folk Arts (Dances, Drama, Instruments)

Folk Dances (Lok Nritya)

Rajasthan's folk dances are vibrant expressions of regional culture, often performed on festivals and auspicious occasions.

Regional & Caste Dances

DanceRegion/CommunityKey Features
Agni Nritya (Fire Dance)Bikaner (Jasnathi Sect)Performed on a bed of live coals (Dhoona). Dancers perform actions like 'Matira Fodna' (breaking watermelon) and ploughing.
GhoomarState DancePerformed by women on auspicious occasions. The circular movement of the Ghagra is called 'Ghoom'.
Kachhi GhodiShekhawatiPerformed by men on mock horses. Famous for the pattern of blooming and closing petals.
Terah TaliKamad Caste (Ramdevji Fair)Women dance while sitting, with 13 cymbals (Manjiras) tied to their body. Instruments: Tanpura, Chautara.
KalbeliyaKalbeliya TribeIncludes Indoni, Panihari, Shankariya (couple dance). Famous dancer: Gulabo.
ChariKishangarh (Gujjar Caste)Women dance with burning cottonseed pots on their heads. Instruments: Bankiya, Dhol, Thali.
Gavari (Rai)Mewad (Bhils)Oldest folk drama/dance. Dedicated to Shiva (Budhiya) and Parvati (Rai). Performed during Sawan-Bhadon.
GhudlaJodhpurWomen dance carrying perforated pots with lamps inside. Promoted by Rupayan Sansthan (Kamal Kothari).
Bam NrityaBharatpur/AlwarPerformed by men with a large drum (Bam) during harvest. Song: Bam Rasiya.
WalarSirohi (Garasia)Couple dance performed without any musical instrument.
BhawaiUdaipurProfessional dance involving balancing 7-8 pots on the head and picking items from the floor with the mouth.

Folk Drama (Lok Natya)

  • Khayal:
    • Kuchamani: Founder Lachhiram. Features high-pitched singing and open stage.
    • Jaipuri: Flexible style, women participate.
    • Turra Kalangi: Mewad. Dialogues between Shiva (Turra) and Shakti (Kalangi) sects. Non-professional.
    • Shekhawati: Nanuram and Duliya Rana are famous artists.
  • Rammat: Bikaner & Jaisalmer. Musical plays on wooden planks (Pata). Tej Kavi of Jaisalmer wrote "Swatantra Bawani" and gifted it to M.K. Gandhi.
  • Phad: Scroll painting narration. Center: Shahpura (Bhilwara) (Joshi family). Narrated by Bhopas.
    • Pabuji: Ravanhatha instrument.
    • Devnarayanji: Jantar instrument.
  • Swang: Art of impersonation (Behrupiya). Famous artist: Jankilal Bhand (Bhilwara).
  • Nautanki: Popular in Bharatpur, Dholpur (Hathras style).

Folk Instruments (Lok Vadya)

CategoryDescriptionInstruments
Sushir (Wind)Sound produced by air/blowing.Algoza: State Instrument (Double flute). Ramnath Chaudhary plays it with his nose.
Shehnai: Best wind instrument. Famous player: Mangi Bai.
Pungi/Been: Used by Snake charmers.
Bankiya: Used in Chari dance.
Tat (String)Sound produced by strings.Ravanhatha: Oldest instrument, used in Phad narration.
Sarangi: Best string instrument, used by Langa community.
Kamayacha: 27 strings, used by Manganiyar.
Jantar: Veena-like, used for Devnarayanji's Phad.
Avanadh (Percussion)Made of leather/membrane.Chang: Used in Holi (Shekhawati).
Maadal: Clay drum used by Bhils.
Bhapang: Damru-like, famous player Zahoor Khan (Mewat).
Ghan (Solid)Made of metal/wood.Khartal: Saddik Khan was a master.
Manjira: Used in Terah Tali.

Handicrafts (Hast Shilp)

  • Thewa Art: Pratapgarh (Gold work on glass).
  • Blue Pottery: Jaipur. Promoted by Ram Singh II and Kripal Singh Shekhawat.
  • Usta Art: Bikaner (Gold Munawwat work on Camel hide). Artist: Hisamuddin Usta.
  • Terracotta: Molela (Rajsamand) for clay idols. Harji (Jalore) for clay horses (Mama ji ke ghode).
  • Textiles:
    • Kota Doria (Masuria): Kaithoon (Kota).
    • Badla: Zinc water bottles (Jodhpur).
    • Dabu Print: Akola (Chittor).
    • Bandhej (Tie & Dye): Jaipur/Jodhpur.

In this Chapter

Folk Arts (Dances, Drama, Instruments)
No other notes in this chapter.