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Android Architecture in English - Android Programming Notes in English Notes

Quick Summary & Key Takeaways

• Subject Focus: Android Programming Notes in English (BCA / B.Tech Syllabus)

• Core Topic: Android Architecture in English - General Topics

• Overview: Android Architecture in English:1. Linux Kernel Layer Role:This is the lowest level of Android.The entire Android system is based on it.It acts as ...

• Key Concepts: Android architecture Hindi, Linux kernel HAL libraries runtime ART Hindi, Framework apps layer architecture,Android architecture, Linux kernel HAL libraries runtime ART, Framework apps layer architecture

Android Architecture in English:

1. Linux Kernel Layer

Role:

This is the lowest level of Android.
The entire Android system is based on it.
It acts as an interface between hardware and software.

Main Functions:

Driver Support: Drivers that control hardware like the camera, keyboard, display, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc., are located here.
Process Management: Supports multitasking.
Memory Management: Manages memory efficiently.
Power Management: Controls battery usage.
Security: Keeps programs separate from each other (sandboxing).

2. Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)

Role:

HAL acts as a bridge between the hardware and higher-level Android APIs.
It makes hardware features available through APIs.

Example:

Camera HAL for using the camera.
Audio HAL for audio-related tasks.
Separate HAL Modules exist for sensors, GPS, Bluetooth, etc.

3. Android Runtime (ART) and Native Libraries

3.1 Android Runtime (ART):

This is the part of the Android OS that runs the apps.
From Android 5.0 (Lollipop), ART (Android Runtime) replaced Dalvik.

Features:

Ahead-of-Time (AOT) Compilation: It compiles code in advance, which improves performance.
Garbage Collection: Automatically cleans up unused memory.

3.2 Native Libraries:

These are special libraries written in C/C++ that are used to enhance the functionality of apps.

Key Libraries:

WebKit: For browsing-related tasks.
SQLite: For data storage (database).
Media Framework: For processing video and audio.
OpenGL ES: For 2D/3D graphics.

4. Application Framework

Role:

It provides developers with the necessary tools and APIs to create Android applications.
It provides an interface between the user and the system.

Main Components:

Activity Manager: Controls the lifecycle of an application.
Content Providers: For data sharing between apps.
Resource Manager: Manages external resources (images, strings, etc.).
Location Manager: Provides facilities related to GPS location.
Notification Manager: For displaying notifications.

5. Applications Layer

Role:

This is the highest level of the Architecture.
It contains all the applications that the user uses.

Example:

Default Apps: Dialer, SMS, Contacts, Browser, etc.
Third-Party Apps: WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, etc.

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Android Architecture in English:1.

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Android Architecture in English

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Android Architecture in English:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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