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Introduction to C

Introduction to the C Language:


The C language is a general-purpose programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs. It was primarily designed to develop the UNIX operating system. It is an extremely powerful and flexible language, widely used for system programming, embedded systems, and application programming.

History of the C Language:
The development of C was influenced by earlier languages like ALGOL (1960), BCPL (1967), and the B language (1970). Dennis Ritchie invented C in 1972 for the development of the UNIX system. In 1989, it was standardized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), known as ANSI C.

Features of the C Language:
Simple and structured, efficient, machine-independent, has low-level language features, a rich library, pointers, a rich set of operators, portability, and reusable code.

Advantages of the C Language:
High speed, suitable for system programming, simple and flexible, standard library, and code reusability.

Disadvantages of the C Language:
Not object-oriented, lacks memory safety (e.g., no boundary checking), considered a middle-level language which can be complex, and has no automatic garbage collection.

In this Chapter

Introduction to C
What is an Array & Types of Arrays
What is Memory Allocation and its Types
Variables in C
Call by Value & Call by Reference
Flowcharts in C
First Program in C
malloc() & calloc() in C
Control Statements in C
Algorithms in C
Tokens & Keywords in C
File Handling in C
Operators in C
Parameter & Argument Passing in C
Pointers in C
Debugging in C
Recursion in C
Expressions in C
Unions in C
Header Files in C