Internet Tools All Important Questions and Answers in English (MDSU)

1. What is the current state of the internet?

Answer: Today, the internet is spread all over the world, and technologies like high-speed broadband, 5G, and fiber optic networks are making it faster and more secure. People are using the internet for social media, e-commerce, online studies, and business.

2. What hardware and software are required to run the internet?

Answer: To use the internet, you need a computer/smartphone, a network card, a modem/router, and an operating system. Additionally, a web browser, email client, and security tools are also useful.

3. What is an ISP (Internet Service Provider)?

Answer: An ISP is a company that provides an internet connection, such as Jio, Airtel, BSNL, and ACT Fibernet.

4. What is an internet account and why is it needed?

Answer: An internet account is a user ID and password that allows a person to access the services of an ISP. This account is necessary for email, cloud storage, and other online services.

5. What is a web home page?

Answer: When someone enters a website's URL in a web browser, the first page that opens is called the home page.

6. What is a URL?

Answer: A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the complete address of a website, such as https://www.google.com. It includes the protocol, domain name, and resource path.

7. What is a web browser?

Answer: A web browser is software that allows us to open websites on the internet, such as Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Safari.

8. Why is security important on the internet?

Answer: Problems like hacking, viruses, and data theft exist on the internet, so security is essential. For this, antivirus software, firewalls, and secure passwords are used.

9. What is a search engine?

Answer: A search engine is a program that helps find information on the internet. Examples include Google, Bing, and Yahoo.

10. What is FTP and where is it used?

Answer: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used to transfer files over the internet. It is used in web development to upload website files.

11. What is Gopher?

Answer: Gopher was an old internet service that allowed access to files and documents in a hierarchical manner. However, its use has become very rare now.

12. What is Telnet?

Answer: Telnet is a protocol that allows a remote computer to be controlled through a command line. It has now been replaced by SSH.

13. How does email work?

Answer:

How does the email workflow work?

1. User composes an email (in clients like Gmail, Outlook).

2. It is sent to the mail server via SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).

3. The mail server identifies the receiver's mail server through DNS.

4. The email reaches the receiver via POP3/IMAP.

Protocols used for sending and receiving email:

14. What is TFTP?

Answer: TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is a simple version of FTP used for file transfer in small networks.

15. What are the components of a web browser architecture?

Answer: It includes the UI (User Interface), browser engine, rendering engine, networking, JavaScript interpreter, and data storage.

16. Why is multimedia important in a web page?

Answer: Multimedia (images, videos, audio) makes a website attractive and improves the user experience.

17. What is the difference between Static, Dynamic, and Active web pages?

Answer:

• Static: These are pages with fixed content that look the same to every user.

• Dynamic: These pages change according to user input or the database.

• Active: These have backend processing, like a chat application.

18. What is PHP and where is it used?

Answer: PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server-side scripting language used to create dynamic websites and web applications.

19. What is the history of PHP?

Answer: PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. It was initially Personal Home Page tools, but later became a full-fledged scripting language.

20. How many data types are there in PHP?

Answer: There are mainly four types of data types in PHP –

1. String

2. Integer

3. Float

4. Boolean

21. How are variables declared in PHP?

Answer: In PHP, variables start with a $ sign, like –

$name = "Ratan";
$age = 21;

22. How many types of operators are there in PHP?

Answer: There are mainly four types of operators in PHP –

1. Arithmetic Operators (+, -, *, /)

2. Comparison Operators (==, !=, >, <)

3. Logical Operators (&&, ||, !)

4. Assignment Operators (=, +=, -=, *=, /=)

23. How are functions created in PHP?

Answer: In PHP, functions are created with the function keyword, like –

function greet() {
    return "Hello, World!";
}
echo greet();

24. How are strings managed in PHP?

Answer: In PHP, strings are managed with functions for concatenation (. operator), splitting (explode()), getting length (strlen()), and searching (strpos()).

25. How many types of arrays are there in PHP?

Answer:

Definition:

An Array is a data structure that can store multiple values in a single variable. In PHP, arrays are used to organize and manage data.

There are three types of Arrays in PHP:

1. Indexed Array

2. Associative Array

3. Multidimensional Array

1. Indexed Array

In an indexed array, values are stored with a numeric index (0, 1, 2, …).
These arrays work like a list.

Syntax & Example:

$fruits = array("Apple", "Banana", "Cherry"); 
// Accessing elements
echo $fruits[0]; 
echo $fruits[1]; 
echo $fruits[2]; 

Output:

Apple  
Banana  
Cherry  

2. Associative Array

In an associative array, values are stored with named keys (string key).
This is useful when you want to store data with a meaningful key.

Syntax & Example:

$person = array(
    "name" => "Ratan",
    "age" => 21,
    "city" => "Ajmer"
);
// Accessing elements
echo $person["name"];
echo $person["age"]; 
echo $person["city"]; 

Output:

Ratan  
21  
Ajmer  

3. Multidimensional Array

A multidimensional array contains other arrays within it.
It is used to structure complex data.

Syntax & Example:

$students = array(
    array("Bhavesh", 90),
    array("Imran", 85),
    array("Aman", 78)
);
// Accessing elements
echo $students[0][0]; 
echo $students[1][1]; 

mysql -u root -p

exit;

$conn = mysqli_connect("localhost", "username", "password", "database_name");
if (!$conn) {
    die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

CREATE DATABASE my_database;

USE my_database;

CREATE TABLE users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100),
    email VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('Ratan', '[email protected]');

UPDATE users SET email = '[email protected]' WHERE id = 1;

DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 1;

SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY name ASC;

SELECT * FROM users WHERE email IS NULL;

SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE 'R%';

SELECT users.name, orders.order_id FROM users 
JOIN orders ON users.id = orders.user_id;

$conn = new mysqli("localhost", "root", "", "my_database");
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully";

$result = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM users");
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
    echo $row['name'] . "";
}

$conn->query("DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 3");

$name = $_POST['name'];
$email = $_POST['email'];
$conn->query("INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('$name', '$email')");

move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"], "uploads/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"]);

$password = password_hash("mypassword", PASSWORD_BCRYPT);

$response = file_get_contents("https://api.example.com/data");

$.post("server.php", {name: "Ratan"}, function(data) {
    alert(data);
});

* * * * * php /var/www/html/script.php

require("config.php"); // If config.php is not found, the script will stop.
echo "This line will never be executed if the file is missing!";

include("header.php"); // If header.php is not found, a warning will be issued but the script will continue.
echo "The script will keep running!";

$str = "   Hello World!   ";
echo trim($str);

$str = "apple,banana,mango";
$arr = explode(",", $str);
print_r($arr);

Array ( [0] => apple [1] => banana [2] => mango )

$arr = ["apple", "banana", "mango"];
$str = join(" | ", $arr);
echo $str; 

echo strcmp("apple", "banana"); // Output: -1 (because "apple" < "banana")
echo strcmp("hello", "hello");  // Output: 0 (because both are equal)

$str = "Hello World!";
echo strlen($str); 

Prime numbers between 21 and 30 are: 23 29

-- 1. Display all records
SELECT * FROM people;
-- 2. Show name and salary of all people
SELECT name, salary FROM people;
-- 3. Display names and roles of people who are Managers or Professors
SELECT name, role FROM people WHERE role IN ('Manager', 'Professor');
-- 4. List all people whose salary is greater than 25000
SELECT * FROM people WHERE salary > 25000;
-- 5. Show details of people who joined after 2018
SELECT * FROM people WHERE YEAR(date_of_joining) > 2018;
-- 6. Display people whose role is not Salesman
SELECT * FROM people WHERE role <> 'Salesman';
-- 7. List all people whose commission is NULL
SELECT * FROM people WHERE commission IS NULL;

-- 8. Display records of people whose salary is between 30,000 to 60,000
SELECT * FROM people WHERE salary BETWEEN 30000 AND 60000;
-- 9. Show details of people whose name starts with 'S'
SELECT * FROM people WHERE name LIKE 'S%';
-- 10. List people whose name ends with 'a'
SELECT * FROM people WHERE name LIKE '%a';
-- 11. Find the person with the highest salary
SELECT name FROM people WHERE salary = (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM people);
-- 12. Find the person with the lowest salary
SELECT name FROM people WHERE salary = (SELECT MIN(salary) FROM people);
-- 13. Count the number of people whose salary is above 20,000
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM people WHERE salary > 20000;

-- 14. Display people who joined before 2015
SELECT * FROM people WHERE YEAR(date_of_joining) < 2015;
-- 15. Show names of people who joined on 23-08-2015
SELECT name FROM people WHERE date_of_joining = '2015-08-23';
-- 16. Count how many people joined after 2018
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM people WHERE YEAR(date_of_joining) > 2018;
-- 17. Show names of people who joined in July
SELECT name FROM people WHERE MONTH(date_of_joining) = 7;